Grayscale ramps, shade bars, focus grids, and determination charts are visible aids particularly designed to calibrate and consider the efficiency of show units. These purpose-built photographs allow exact changes and goal assessments of image high quality, geometry, and shade accuracy. A standard instance entails utilizing a selected configuration of coloured bars to verify the uniformity and correctness of shade copy throughout all the display.
The utilization of standardized reference photographs is significant for making certain optimum picture projection. The method facilitates correct shade illustration, constant brightness ranges, and sharp picture element. Traditionally, these alerts performed an important position within the broadcast and tv industries, making certain constant high quality throughout viewing units. In up to date settings, they continue to be important for reaching professional-grade displays, house cinema setups, and demanding viewing purposes.
Subsequent sections will delve into particular kinds of calibration and analysis instruments, explaining their software intimately. The next dialogue can even cowl find out how to interpret the outcomes and make applicable changes to projector settings to attain optimum image high quality.
1. Decision Verification
Decision verification, a vital element in assessing projector efficiency, instantly advantages from the applying of particular alerts. These instruments present a structured technique to find out whether or not the gadget precisely shows the meant picture element. Efficient employment of applicable alerts ensures that the projector meets specified decision capabilities and mitigates potential scaling or pixelation points.
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Sharpness Evaluation
Focus patterns containing tremendous traces and carefully spaced particulars are employed to judge sharpness. A correctly resolving projector will show these traces clearly and distinctly. Blurring or merging of those traces signifies a deficiency in decision functionality or focus alignment, signaling the necessity for adjustment.
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Pixel Grid Examination
Magnified photographs of pixel grids inside alerts reveal the projector’s capacity to render particular person pixels. Anomalies corresponding to misaligned pixels, pixel dropout, or irregular pixel shapes level to potential {hardware} or software program points that affect picture readability. The presence of those irregularities detracts from the perceived decision and general picture high quality.
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Scaling Artifact Detection
The implementation of alerts with native resolutions differing from the projector’s native decision exposes scaling artifacts. These artifacts manifest as jagged edges, pixelation, or undesirable blurring, indicating a suboptimal scaling algorithm inside the projector’s processing unit. Minimizing these artifacts is important for sustaining picture constancy when displaying content material at numerous resolutions.
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Element Retention Evaluation
Particular charts designed to evaluate element retention function intricate patterns and gradients. An efficient projector will reproduce these patterns with minimal lack of element. A noticeable discount in tremendous element or the introduction of artifacts in these areas signifies a limitation within the gadget’s capacity to deal with advanced visible info, which is essential for purposes like CAD drawings or detailed schematics.
The outlined sides spotlight the significance of using applicable alerts for complete decision verification. These analytical methods present invaluable insights into the projector’s picture rendering capabilities, enabling knowledgeable choices relating to changes and optimum working parameters to make sure readability. Cautious consideration to decision verification results in a enhanced viewing expertise and higher return on funding.
2. Coloration accuracy
Coloration accuracy, a vital efficiency attribute of projectors, is essentially linked to the usage of specialised alerts designed for exact evaluation and adjustment. These alerts present a standardized technique for evaluating a projector’s capacity to breed colours faithfully and persistently.
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Coloration Gamut Conformance
Alerts containing a variety of main and secondary colours are used to judge adherence to established shade requirements like Rec. 709 or DCI-P3. Measuring the projector’s output towards these requirements reveals any deviations or limitations in its shade copy capabilities. For instance, a projector struggling to breed deep reds or vibrant greens would point out a restricted shade gamut, which can affect the correct show of movie and tv content material designed for a wider shade area.
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Grayscale Calibration
Alerts incorporating a grayscale ramp, starting from black to white in discrete steps, enable for the evaluation of shade neutrality. Ideally, a projector ought to reproduce this ramp with out introducing shade tints at any level alongside the grayscale. Shifts in shade, corresponding to a blue or pink push, point out inaccurate grayscale monitoring and require calibration to make sure impartial tones are rendered accurately, which is vital for displaying black and white content material precisely.
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Coloration Uniformity Evaluation
Alerts displaying strong shade fields throughout all the display space are used to evaluate shade uniformity. Variations in shade throughout the projected picture point out inconsistencies within the projector’s mild engine or optical path. For example, a projector displaying a inexperienced tint in a single nook and a magenta tint in one other displays poor shade uniformity, doubtlessly distracting viewers and compromising the general visible expertise.
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Delta E Measurement
Specialised charts designed for colorimetric evaluation enable for quantitative analysis of shade accuracy utilizing Delta E (dE) values. Delta E represents the perceived distinction between a goal shade and the colour reproduced by the projector. Decrease Delta E values point out increased shade accuracy. A Delta E of lower than 3 is mostly thought of imperceptible to the human eye, highlighting the significance of minimizing Delta E values by calibration and correct sign utilization.
The mixed use of alerts, colorimeters, and calibration software program allows a complete strategy to making sure shade accuracy in projectors. Addressing gamut conformance, grayscale monitoring, shade uniformity, and minimizing Delta E values results in a extra immersive and devoted viewing expertise, aligning the projected picture with the director’s or creator’s meant imaginative and prescient. These analytical methods are vital for professionals and residential theater lovers alike.
3. Brightness uniformity
Brightness uniformity refers back to the consistency of luminance throughout all the projected picture. Deviations in brightness can detract from the viewing expertise, creating distracting scorching spots or dim areas. Alerts play an important position in objectively assessing and correcting such non-uniformities.
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Full-Discipline Grayscale Alerts
A sign displaying a strong, mid-level grey throughout all the display reveals brightness variations most successfully. Any seen inconsistencies, corresponding to brighter corners or a dimmer heart, point out uniformity points. These alerts enable for quantifiable measurements utilizing a light-weight meter to map the luminance distribution throughout the display.
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ANSI Checkerboard Sign
The ANSI checkerboard sign, comprised of alternating black and white squares, is a standardized technique for measuring distinction and brightness uniformity concurrently. The typical luminance of the white squares is in comparison with the typical luminance of the black squares. This sign helps determine areas the place the projector struggles to take care of constant brightness ranges, impacting general distinction efficiency.
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Zone-Primarily based Measurement
alerts are used at the side of dividing the display into a number of zones (e.g., 9 or twenty-five zones). Luminance measurements are taken on the heart of every zone. This strategy supplies an in depth map of brightness variations, permitting technicians to pinpoint particular areas requiring adjustment. This technique affords a extra granular understanding of uniformity points in comparison with easy visible evaluation.
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Visible Evaluation Alerts
Whereas quantitative measurements are invaluable, alerts displaying refined gradients or advanced scenes additionally allow visible evaluation of brightness uniformity. Skilled technicians can use these alerts to determine refined variations that may not be instantly obvious with less complicated check patterns. This subjective analysis, mixed with goal measurements, supplies a complete understanding of brightness efficiency.
The correct analysis of brightness uniformity, facilitated by specialised alerts and measurement methods, allows focused changes to projector settings or inside elements. Addressing uniformity points results in a extra immersive and constant viewing expertise, eliminating distracting visible artifacts and making certain a balanced presentation of visible content material.
4. Distinction calibration
Distinction calibration, within the context of projection programs, is the method of optimizing the distinction between the brightest and darkest components inside a picture. The method depends closely on specialised alerts designed to objectively measure and alter this vital parameter, resulting in enhanced picture depth and readability.
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Black Degree Adjustment
Alerts containing near-black shades are employed to set the black stage, making certain the darkest parts of the picture are actually black with out showing grey or washed out. Correct black stage calibration maximizes the perceived distinction ratio, enhancing picture depth. For instance, patterns with tremendous particulars close to black assist differentiate between true black and refined shadow particulars, stopping “black crush” the place shadow particulars are misplaced.
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White Degree Adjustment
Alerts containing vibrant white areas are used to set the white stage, stopping picture clipping or “blooming” within the brightest parts of the picture. Right white stage calibration ensures vibrant areas seem vivid with out dropping element. A sign would possibly show a sequence of more and more vibrant white patches; if the brightest patches mix collectively with out distinct separation, the white stage is simply too excessive.
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Grayscale Monitoring Evaluation
Grayscale ramps, starting from black to white in discrete steps, are utilized to research distinction linearity. Ideally, every step within the ramp ought to exhibit a constant improve in brightness. Deviations from linearity, corresponding to a sudden leap in brightness or a flattening of the curve, point out distinction imbalances that require adjustment. Correct grayscale monitoring ensures constant distinction throughout all the luminance vary.
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ANSI Distinction Ratio Measurement
The ANSI checkerboard sample is a standardized sign used to measure the ANSI distinction ratio, which is the ratio of the typical luminance of the white squares to the typical luminance of the black squares inside the sample. This sign supplies an goal evaluation of the projector’s capacity to concurrently show vibrant and darkish components, reflecting real-world viewing circumstances. Greater ANSI distinction ratios typically point out higher picture high quality and enhanced perceived element.
The efficient use of those alerts is important for optimizing distinction efficiency in projection programs. Attaining correct black and white ranges, linear grayscale monitoring, and excessive ANSI distinction ratios interprets to a extra immersive and visually participating viewing expertise. These changes improve element, depth, and realism in projected photographs, enhancing general picture high quality.
5. Geometry correction
Geometry correction in projection programs addresses picture distortions stemming from non-perpendicular projector placement or display irregularities. Specialised alerts are indispensable for exactly figuring out and rectifying these distortions, making certain the projected picture aligns accurately with the meant show space. The absence of geometric accuracy compromises visible integrity and may trigger viewer distraction. alerts present a standardized framework for evaluating and adjusting picture form, thereby minimizing or eliminating keystone distortion, pincushioning, barrel distortion, and different widespread geometric anomalies. Examples embrace projecting a grid sample to determine and proper trapezoidal distortion when the projector is positioned off-center.
Implementation of geometry correction, guided by alerts, instantly impacts the legibility of textual content and the correct illustration of graphical content material. The utility extends past mere aesthetics. For instance, in collaborative design environments or instructional settings, exact geometric alignment is important for displaying architectural plans, engineering schematics, or knowledge visualizations with out distortion. Superior projectors provide refined correction algorithms, usually requiring particular alerts to calibrate these capabilities. Correcting the projection will be important to make sure that the projection just isn’t skewed or distorted, permitting the viewer a extra pleasing visible expertise.
Consequently, the interaction between geometric correction options and devoted calibration instruments permits customers to optimize projector output for numerous environments and display sorts. Though automated correction options exist, handbook changes guided by calibration photographs usually yield superior outcomes, particularly in advanced eventualities involving curved screens or irregular surfaces. The significance of this integration ensures that the displayed visuals match the intent, maximizing info readability and general viewer satisfaction. The problem lies in understanding the assorted kinds of geometric distortions and choosing applicable calibration instruments for his or her efficient mitigation.
6. Focus optimization
Focus optimization is a vital course of in projector setup that ensures the readability and sharpness of the projected picture. Specialised alerts are employed to facilitate exact changes, maximizing visible acuity and minimizing eye pressure. The connection between these alerts and focus optimization is foundational to reaching optimum picture high quality.
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Tremendous Line Patterns
alerts consisting of carefully spaced horizontal and vertical traces are notably helpful. Projecting these patterns permits for visible evaluation of focus uniformity throughout the display. Correctly centered projectors will render these traces sharply and distinctly, whereas out-of-focus projectors will exhibit blurring or merging of the traces. Observing the traces allow exact handbook adjustment of the projector’s focus ring till optimum readability is achieved. These patterns are essential to find out appropriate focus.
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Focus Charts
Focus charts incorporate quite a lot of components, together with traces, circles, and textual content of various sizes. By observing the sharpness of those components, notably in direction of the sides of the picture, a person can determine areas the place the main focus is lower than superb. Focus charts assist within the detection of lens aberrations or alignment points that may necessitate skilled servicing. Making certain the whole lot of those visible components is sharp enhances visible acuity.
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Pixel Grid Patterns
alerts displaying a magnified pixel grid enable for examination of particular person pixels. In a correctly centered projector, every pixel ought to seem sharp and well-defined. Blurring or bleeding of pixels signifies a suboptimal focus setting, doubtlessly resulting from limitations within the lens or the projector’s inside optics. Pixel grid patterns provide a microscopic view of focus accuracy.
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Textual content-Primarily based Patterns
alerts displaying textual content of various font sizes present a sensible evaluation of focus. Small textual content, particularly, is extremely delicate to focus errors. If the textual content seems blurry or tough to learn, it signifies a necessity for focus adjustment. Textual content-based patterns simulate real-world viewing eventualities, offering a useful evaluation of picture readability. Projectors displaying clear textual content on the corners can enable customers to make sure that their displays are clear.
These alerts, by the deliberate evaluation and correction of focus, considerably improve the viewing expertise by enhancing picture sharpness, decreasing eye pressure, and maximizing the readability of projected content material. The correct software of those patterns transforms an in any other case common projection right into a visually putting show. The accuracy of the projection depends closely on the correct focus.
7. Artifact detection
Artifact detection, when associated to show programs, entails figuring out unintended visible anomalies that degrade picture high quality. When utilizing show programs, these anomalies can come within the type of noise, banding, or pixelation. Alerts designed to disclose refined picture defects are helpful when evaluating show efficiency. A scientific analysis permits the person to determine potential underlying issues to the gadget by displaying and analyzing the output. Detecting the issue early on can enable customers to forestall any additional degradation to the gadget.
Alerts designed for artifact detection generally include easy gradients, strong shade fields, and high-frequency patterns. Gradients expose banding or posterization, that are artifacts brought on by inadequate shade bit depth or compression algorithms. Uniform shade fields reveal non-uniformity, corresponding to shade tints or brightness variations. Excessive-frequency patterns expose moir patterns or aliasing, that are artifacts ensuing from picture scaling or sampling processes. For instance, a projector displaying a easy grayscale gradient would possibly exhibit discrete steps or bands of shade if it has restricted bit depth or a poorly applied gamma correction curve. These patterns spotlight imperfections within the projector’s rendering pipeline, permitting for both software program or {hardware} corrections to be executed.
Correct artifact detection ensures that the show system is working at its optimum potential, subsequently enhancing picture high quality. The utilization of alerts within the course of allows viewers and technicians to diagnose display-related issues that might have in any other case been neglected. It may possibly additionally enhance the viewing expertise with extra correct projection. Moreover, the methodology described is helpful when attempting to check show calibration, making certain constancy within the projected photographs. The systematic use of alerts and artifact detection results in an enhanced viewing expertise.
8. Grayscale monitoring
Grayscale monitoring refers to a projector’s capacity to breed impartial shades of grey throughout all the luminance vary, from black to white, with out introducing shade tints. This efficiency side is intrinsically linked to calibration alerts, as a result of the alerts present the standardized stimuli mandatory for analysis and adjustment. Within the absence of correct grayscale monitoring, projected photographs exhibit undesirable shade casts in shadow particulars, mid-tones, or highlights, negatively impacting shade accuracy and perceived realism. A projector with poor grayscale monitoring would possibly render darkish scenes with a bluish tint or vibrant scenes with a yellowish solid, thereby altering the meant aesthetic and undermining visible constancy.
Specialised alerts designed for grayscale monitoring usually include a stepped grayscale ramp, progressing from black to white in incremental ranges. Technicians use these patterns at the side of colorimeters to measure the colour temperature and chromaticity of every step. The target is to make sure that the colour temperature stays constant, ideally concentrating on the D65 normal (6500K), which represents daylight. Changes to the projector’s achieve and bias controls, made in response to measurements taken from these alerts, appropriate any deviations and set up a impartial grayscale. For instance, if measurements reveal a blue tint within the mid-tones, the blue achieve is perhaps diminished to revive neutrality. The alerts present the visible reference for making quantitative corrections.
Correct grayscale monitoring is a prerequisite for correct shade copy general. By establishing a impartial basis, these instruments allow the devoted rendering of colours throughout all the spectrum. With out correct grayscale monitoring, colours will probably be skewed by the underlying shade casts, no matter different calibration efforts. By emphasizing the significance of creating the correct alerts, the projection can enhance its show. This course of is prime to reaching professional-grade picture high quality in projection programs, making certain that content material is displayed because the content material creator meant. Making certain constancy within the colours can improve the viewer expertise.
9. Gamma adjustment
Gamma adjustment, the method of optimizing the tonal vary in projected photographs, is inextricably linked to calibration alerts. These purpose-built photographs present the visible knowledge essential to assess and modify the gamma curve, which governs the connection between enter sign and output luminance. Deviations from the optimum gamma setting can result in crushed blacks, washed-out highlights, or an general lack of distinction. For example, a gamma worth that’s too low will make darkish areas seem overly darkish and devoid of element, whereas a gamma worth that’s too excessive will make the picture look flat and washed out. The appliance of particular calibration alerts is subsequently vital for reaching correct tonal copy and a visually balanced picture.
Specialised alerts, corresponding to grayscale ramps with clearly outlined tonal steps, are indispensable for gamma analysis. These patterns enable technicians to visually assess the smoothness and linearity of the tonal transition. When used at the side of measurement devices like colorimeters, alerts present quantifiable knowledge concerning the gamma curve, enabling exact changes through projector settings or exterior video processors. A standard approach entails measuring the luminance output at numerous factors alongside the grayscale ramp and evaluating it to a goal gamma curve, usually 2.2 for normal dynamic vary content material. Discrepancies are then corrected by gamma changes, making certain a extra correct translation of the supply materials’s meant tonal vary.
Consequently, the usage of these visible references ensures viewers can see photographs on the show as they have been meant by the content material creators. Consequently, tonal particulars are extra available. Precisely rendered gamma ensures tonal particulars will probably be seen in each mild and darkish sections of a projected picture, one thing essential in quite a lot of shows. Whereas calibration software program and meters can help in an automatic approach, calibration alerts stay an necessary technique for optimizing gamma. The connection of gamma adjustment and alerts ensures optimum viewing expertise.
Ceaselessly Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to the usage of specialised photographs in projector calibration and efficiency analysis.
Query 1: What’s the main objective of displaying calibration instruments on a projector?
The first objective is to facilitate goal evaluation and exact adjustment of assorted picture parameters, together with decision, shade accuracy, brightness uniformity, and distinction ratio. The employment of the visible instruments permits for optimization of picture high quality, and ensures the projection programs are performing to their capabilities. An in depth overview of the way it works will be discovered on the prime of this text.
Query 2: How steadily ought to alerts be used to calibrate a projector?
The frequency of calibration is dependent upon utilization patterns and environmental elements. Projectors used steadily or these subjected to modifications in ambient lighting circumstances could require extra frequent calibration, ideally each few months. Occasionally used projectors could solely want calibration yearly. These visible aides can help in figuring out if a projector must be calibrated kind of usually.
Query 3: Can consumer-grade alerts present correct calibration outcomes, or are professional-grade instruments mandatory?
Client-grade can help with primary changes, however professional-grade instruments and experience are typically required for reaching optimum accuracy. Skilled instruments provide increased precision and extra complete evaluation capabilities. Customers can calibrate their displays themselves, though an expert session can help in offering optimized settings.
Query 4: What kind of sign is best for evaluating shade accuracy?
alerts incorporating a variety of saturated colours and a grayscale ramp are best for evaluating shade accuracy. These alerts facilitate the evaluation of shade gamut, grayscale monitoring, and shade uniformity, offering a complete overview of shade efficiency.
Query 5: How do geometric instruments assist in projector setup?
Geometric instruments help in correcting picture distortions brought on by non-perpendicular projector placement or display irregularities. These instruments allow the adjustment of keystone distortion, pincushioning, and barrel distortion, making certain the projected picture aligns accurately with the display.
Query 6: Are calibration alerts particular to sure projector applied sciences (e.g., LCD, DLP, LCoS)?
Whereas the underlying rules of calibration stay constant, sure alerts could also be more practical for particular projector applied sciences. The optimum collection of alerts is dependent upon the inherent strengths and weaknesses of every expertise, in addition to particular person person preferences.
In abstract, the efficient utilization of alerts is essential for making certain optimum efficiency and picture high quality in projection programs. Common calibration, guided by applicable alerts, can considerably improve the viewing expertise and prolong the lifespan of the projector.
The following part explores superior calibration methods and troubleshooting suggestions for widespread projector-related points.
Suggestions
Efficient utilization of specialised photographs can considerably enhance the accuracy and general high quality of projected photographs. These instruments provide insights into the optical system’s efficiency. Projector customers are inspired to systematically assess and calibrate projectors. Under are key factors.
Tip 1: Prioritize Decision and Sharpness Evaluation. Make use of decision charts and focus grids to confirm the projector’s capacity to render tremendous particulars precisely. If blurring or pixelation is noticed, alter focus settings or discover decision compatibility choices. Make use of these instruments to determine the difficulty early on.
Tip 2: Calibrate Coloration Copy Utilizing Standardized Charts. Coloration bars and grayscale ramps are important for evaluating shade accuracy and figuring out shade casts. Deviations from normal shade areas must be addressed by shade administration settings.
Tip 3: Consider Brightness Uniformity to Decrease Distractions. Make the most of full-field grayscale photographs to evaluate brightness consistency throughout the projected space. Alter projector settings to mitigate any seen scorching spots or dim areas.
Tip 4: Optimize Distinction Ranges for Picture Depth and Element. alerts containing high-contrast components assist calibrate black and white ranges successfully. Applicable adjustment of distinction enhances picture depth and ensures particulars are discernible in each vibrant and darkish scenes.
Tip 5: Right Geometric Distortions for Correct Picture Alignment. Grid patterns are invaluable for figuring out and correcting geometric distortions. These patterns assist guarantee correct picture alignment and stop visible anomalies corresponding to keystone distortion.
Tip 6: Mitigate Artifacts by Meticulous Examination. Make use of alerts designed to reveal banding, noise, or different artifacts. Applicable calibration of the output can enhance picture high quality with these patterns.
Tip 7: Preserve Constant Gamma, Making certain Correct Gentle Show. Alerts that present perception to gamma help customers in making certain tonal copy is appropriate. Preserve constant gamma for the perfect viewing expertise.
Systematic software of the aforementioned strategies permits for knowledgeable changes, optimizing efficiency and enriching the viewing expertise. Common calibration contributes to a constant output.
The subsequent part will cowl primary troubleshooting steps when experiencing points calibrating a projector. The next dialogue can even cowl what issues could also be occurring when photographs don’t show accurately.
Conclusion
The previous dialogue has highlighted the indispensable position of specialised visible alerts in reaching optimum efficiency of projection programs. Via systematic software of those requirements, technicians and customers can exactly consider and alter essential picture parameters corresponding to decision, shade accuracy, brightness uniformity, distinction ratio, geometry, and grayscale monitoring. Efficient deployment ensures constancy and extends the operational lifespan of show gear.
Continued adherence to standardized analysis protocols, coupled with ongoing developments in projector expertise, guarantees additional enhancements within the high quality and consistency of projected photographs. The dedication to express evaluation and meticulous calibration represents a basic tenet in maximizing the potential of visible show expertise and making certain viewers expertise content material as meant. A rigorous software of “check patterns for projectors” stays paramount.
